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Federico Romero
Federico Romero Saráchaga (11 November 1886 – 30 June 1976)〔''El País'' (1 July 1976)〕 was a Spanish poet and essayist. He is particularly known as a writer of libretti, primarily for zarzuelas. Although he was born in Oviedo and lived at times in both Zaragoza and Madrid, he considered himself a son of Spain's La Mancha region, where his family had lived from the early 20th century in the small town of La Solana (Ciudad Real). The zarzuela ''La rosa del azafrán'', composed by Jacinto Guerrero to a libretto by Romero, is considered emblematic of the region.〔Fernández Álvarez (2007). The composer, Jacinto Guerrero was also from La Mancha.〕
==Biography==
Romero was born in Oviedo to a well-to-do family. His father was an official with the Banco de España, and his aunt owned a large hacienda in La Mancha.〔García-Cervigón (4 March 2009)〕 He originally trained and worked as a mining engineer.〔Manzanares and Webber (2001)〕 After suffering from health problems caused by his years in the mines, he took up a post with the Spanish Post Office in Madrid where he worked as a telegraphist from 1907 until 1917.〔Sadie (1992) Vol IV, p. 33. See also Olivé (2009) pp. 183 and Manzanares and Webber (2001)〕 During that time he also began his writing career, and in 1911, published a long poem, ''Nochebuena en la Central'' in the magazine ''El Telegrafista Español''. Romero had been a close friend of the Spanish writer Carlos Fernández-Shaw, and after his death formed a writing partnership with his son, Guillermo Fernández-Shaw, which was to produce over 70 libretti including those for two of the best-known zarzuelas of the 20th century, ''Doña Francisquita'' by Amadeo Vives and ''Luisa Fernanda'' by Federico Moreno Torroba.〔''La Vanguardia'' (18 August 1965) p. 5〕 The first libretto they wrote together was for the 1916 zarzuela, ''La canción del olvido'' by José Serrano. A year after its triumphal premiere, Romero gave up his job as a telegraphist to become a full-time writer. However, he continued to maintain ties with his former colleagues, contributing articles and poems to their magazines, ''El Telégrafo Español'' and ''El Electricista'', into the 1930s. In 1943, he performed at the celebrations for the 88th anniversary of the Spanish Telegraph Service with two other telegraphists who also became zarzuela librettists, Pedro Llabrés and Francisco Prada.〔Olivé (2009) p. 185. The Spanish Telegraph Service was established on 22 April 1855.〕
In the course of their 30-year collaboration, Romero and Fernández-Shaw wrote libretti for virtually every Spanish lyric composer of the day. Although most of their libretti were original stories, several of them were based on works by Spanish playwrights such as Lope de Vega, Manuel Machado, and Jacinto Benavente. They also produced Spanish versions of stage plays by Goethe, Schiller, and Rostand. Romero's partnership with Fernández-Shaw ended in the late 1940s following a personal feud, after which Romero wrote libretti on his own, while Fernández-Shaw began a new partnership with his brother Rafael.〔
Romero was one of the founders of the Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (SGAE) and served as a counselor to the organization.〔Hennessey (6 November 1976) p. 46.〕 He was also a founding member of the Instituto de Estudios Madrileños and published several monographs on the history of Madrid including ''Por la calle de Alcalá '' (1953), ''Prehistoria de la gran vía'' (1966), and ''Mesonero Romanos, activista del madrileñismo'' (1968). Federico Romero died in Madrid on 30 June 1976 at the age of 89 and was buried in the Cementerio de la Almudena.〔''La Vanguardia'' (3 July 1976) p. 46.〕 A primary school and one of the central streets in his boyhood hometown of La Solana are named in his honour.〔García-Cervigón, (4 March 2009)〕 In 1982, the SGAE established the "Premio Federico Romero" which is awarded annually to a distinguished zarzuela singer.〔Sociedad General de Autores y Editores (14 December 2007)〕
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